Sensitive safety-print.



' H. W. P. LORENZ. 9

SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS T.

APPLICATION II 1111111111111 9.

HENRY w. F. Lon'rgnz, or JEnsEY cI'rY, 'NEw JERsmv SENSITIVE SAFETY-PRINT.

. Specification of Letters-Patent.

Patented Sent. 6. 1911').

hpplication filed April 16, 1909. seriai'imeeoase To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known' that I, HENRY W. F. LORENZ,

a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city 'of Jersey City, in the county of Hudson and State of New Jersey, have invented anew and Improved Sensitive Safety-Print, of which the following is a clear, full, and exact description.

This invention relates to the manufacture 'of sensitive safetyprints such as are in-- tended to be used for checks, "letters of credit; bank notes, postage, revenue and trade stamps, bonds, stock certificates, and

v the like security papers.

Reference isto be had to the accompanying drawings which formzpart of this specification. a

Figure 1 -represents a "check which is formed according to my invention. Fig. 2

i cording to. my process.

.Irepre'sents a suitable. form of a closed receptacle in which the check is treated ac- Seiisitive prints on paper have in the past been made by dissolving a water-soluble coloring matter in a vehicle consisting of glycerin, gum arabic and water and printin therewith. The greatobjection to such prints is that they can be-easi1y washed off with water, are readily soiled by moist hands, etc. The great desideratum has been and is to have a print that-1s sensitive "chemically, but insoluble in water. One

method-of obtaining such a print is to make a print asabove-stated, drying and passing it through, or immersing it in, a proper fix.-

ing solution, ('2'. c. for brilliant green a solution of tannicacid), washing and drying. ';lhis process is very-disadszantageous. Very few coloring. matters can be passably fixed in this manner, and even these few are very liable-to discolor the unprinted paper; the whites are'not clear. The latter defect can be somewhat removed in some'cas'es by passing the fiked print ashort time through a.

very weak bleaching solution, andagain washing. Even this is unsatisiz'ictory.

The object of my invention is a sensitive safety print insoluble in water, obtained without passing the print throu h, or imetc. I use no baths. By my process am en-.

mersing it in, a fixin'g bath, was in bath,

abled to use, also, a very large number of coloring matters. The unprinted part of the paper remains white, and is not clouded or discolored by the running of the color.

' body.

they \veiethe acid of a'simplesa-lt, so the basic colors act asif they were the bases of My prints can be immersed in water, or

washed with water, without bleeding of the color. i

It is obvious that in carrying out my process of making sensitive safety'printson paper for the hereinbefore mentioned" purpose it must be modified (1) tosuit. the

chemical nature of the coloring matter, and (2) the method of printing, whether the latter is surface printing or printing from In all intaglio,-stccl, etc., en avings. cases I start w th a so'lube, chemically .sensitive, coloring matter which in the finished print has been converted into a water-insolublev coloring matter (usually but not necessarily, a socalled lake color). The

term lake color is used to distin uish pig-.-

meiits made from dyestuffs an coloring matters, by. precipitating the coloring matter as an insoluble compound, which is thus used, for 'pigmental purposes, to. distinguish them from natural pigments,'such as ocher,

umber, etc., and from chemical colors manufacturedby direct combination, or decomposition of distinct salts, e. 9., such colors as lead chromates, Chinese blue, etc. The lakes formed from basic colors are combinations of the color and some acid or semi-acid Just as the acid colors behave as if the salts formed by their union' with the acids. Some colors, for instance,'some acid colors, are in the free state insoluble but their sodium (or ammonium) salts are solu ble (e. g. Congo red, alkali blue). In such' cases I may startwith the soluble sodium salt, and, by means of a stronger acid body, liberate the insoluble acid color. chemically sensitive coloring matter, or v.clyestidi, I have in view particularly such as are sensitive to the chemicals that can be used advantageously in removing writing inks.''acids, alkalies, bleaching agents.

Colors not possessing special sensitiveness (c. g. all 'ai'in, etc.) are-excluded from my process.

The precipitants I prefer to use are, for f basic colors, tannic acid, although Ido not confine myself to this onesubstance; for

acid or slightly acid colors I employ basic bodies, inorganic or organic, preferring ordinarily the usual metallic compounds em-J ployed in lake making, e. g. barium cl lorid or acetate, lead and aluminium compounds,

' deterrent. 1O

etc. F or some, at least, of the direct dyeing cotton colors I can get along without a precipitant (cotton red 4 B, etc.).

n preparing an ink for printing I employ ordinarily, as chief ingredients, the soluble coloring matter and its corresponding precipitant and prefer to have present, as a third ingredient, What I call a volatile This can be a volatile acid, like acetic acid, or a volatile base like ammonia, or anilin, depending upon the chemical nature of the coloring matter and lake. The object of the deterrent is to deter, or prevent, the precipitation of the insoluble lake or coloring matter, (thus insuring a more complete and permanent fixing on the paper) until the ink has been transferred upon the paper in printing. Or the deterrent may be simply a volatile dissolving medium for the lake. There should also preferably be present -a proper diluting medium (and, in the case of a printing ink for engraved plates, an ink base like blanc fixe, e. g. precipitated barium sulfate, sublimed lead, etc.) to give the ink proper working qualities. When the precipitant, or volatile deterrent, is of a liquid nature (0. g. lactic acid or anilin can in some cases be such), it can itself serve also as adiluent in which case a special diluent is not necessarily required.

As a final step in my process of making a sensitive print on paper, the print must be exposed to steam vapor. With some colors it is possible to fairly fix the color by heating the print to a temperature sutliciently hi h (say 115 C.) for driving oil the volatile part of the vehicle, but many colors discolor at the required heat.

A sample check made according to my invention is illustrated in Fig. 1. The fine lines (shading) represent a sensitive print (tint), whereas the letters and figures represent a sensitive intaglio print.

In Fig. 2, which shows a simple form of closed receptacle, orsteaming box, steam enters at (a) and passes out at (7)). (03) represents a removable glass door through which is seen the check (0) being subjected to steam vapor. I

A few examples will illustrate different modifications of my process.

By'soluble varnish I mean a composition approximately consisting of Gum arabic 30 parts. Glycerin Water "EH law/cs for Surface Printing. Brilliant green, C H QQCI Acetic acid, 50% .5

to steam vapor.

dlleat on water or. steam bath, let cool and a I Tannic acid 6 'Water 6 l Acetic ma-.- 1 50 Print, and expose print to steam vapor. It is preferable to carry out this steaming process in an inclosed vessel under a steam (Acetic acid can be omitted.)

Mix thoroughly, and print. Expose print Reactions: Solutions of free alkali (sodium hydrate) give a red-brown discoloration of print. ()xalic acid: bluer. Muriatic acid: bleaches. Ammonia: violet-soluble. Solution-of bleaching powder and solution of oxalic acid applied alternatively: bleach.

Victoria blue, B. (Badische), C H N CI: Use same as last colon. Expose-to steam vapor.

Reactions: Sodium hydrate solution: redbrown. Muriatic acid: gray. Bromin: bleached. Bleaching powder solution and oxalic acid solution applied alternatingly: slowly bleached.

Fllchsln, O1QHQBN3CIO4:

Color 4 Soluble varnish 5 Ta-nnic acidunl 6 .YVaternu'rfl- '3 Acetic acid '2 (50%).

Print and expose to steam vapor. Reactions: Solutions of sodium hydrate: yellow-brown. ()xalic acid: blue. Muriatic acid: yellow, bleaches. Bromin, dilutez. 1 10 blucr. Bleaching powder and oxalic acid used alternately: slowl bleaches. Light green S. L. adische): Use same as last color. Expose to steam vapor.

Reactions: Solutions of sodium hydrate: redbrown. Muriatic acid: dark graybrown. Bromin': bluishra Bleaching powder and oxalic acid: sfirw y bleached.

aper yellow 3 G. X. (Badische) q Color 2 1H0 Sol. varnish 4; Water 1 Glycerin 1" Barium acetate (orbarium chlorid) 2 v irints yellowish-redl W'ith barium chlorid,printslightyellowish-brown. Steamed: I, original color in both cases. Print and expose to steam vapor. l

sac,

Reactions: Solutions of sodium hydrate: red, dark, soluble. Oxalic acid: grayish. Muriatic acid: blue-black. Bromin: grayish. Bleaching'powder and oxalic acid used alternately vbleaches slowly. "I Cotton red 4; B., .CQH N O S N l Color ,1 varnish 7 Color- 1 Ammonia water .90 sp. 'gr ,1' Add solublej diiiarilishsu- 2 and expose to steam vaor. If the sttlam vapor contains I acetic aci vapors, :1

' ci itated (bluel.

( 'xed by steam).

: ''Reactions of red rint-f Solutions of oxalic or. muriatic acid: lue. Acetic acid blue,

with violet shade. Sodium hydrate: red-- L13 brown, soluble. Ammonia: red, soluble. Bromin: gray, slowly bleached.

Otherwise theprint is red Inks for Steel Plate PrintingPrimarily, but

I in also be Used fonflurface Printing M Io deosin 0201180151.:

Color 4 I 4 Lactic acid' '12 -Sublimed lead 12 v ,l 43. Blane fixe 15/ f I W Printand steam; 3

Color of print: Re M Reactions: Solutions of sodium hydrat or ammonia: blue red, soluble. "Muria'tic acid zyllow-red. Oxalic acid: yellow-red. Cotiton'r'ed t 13., Q H N S Na z Color 20 Lactic acid s 10 ,Glycerin 5 Color: Brown. Print and steam. Reactions: Solutions of oxalic and muriatic acids: blue. Ammonia: red-brown,

light. Bromin: bleached. Alkali: red.

Rosolic acid, C I-I O Color l 6p Lactic acid 6 Blane fixe 2 Sublimed lead 2 Print and steam. Color: Yellow redi n 1 Reactions: Solutions of alkalies: blue-red,

voilatile fixing agent) the/free color is presoluble. Oxalie and muriatic acids: yellow, soluble. Bromin: brown. Bleaching powder and oxalic acid: slowly bleached.

'Carmin'ic acid, C H O (Merck):

Color' 1 7 Lactic acid 6 Aluminium hydrate 2 Sublimed lead 3 Color: Dry heat changes to a purples ay- Reactions: Solutions of oxalic acid: yellow-red. Sodium hydrate: purple, soluble.

Bromin: bleached, etc.

Victoria blue B. (Badische) C H N CI:

Color .5 Casein 2.

Tannic acid 1. Acetic acid 2 Lactic-acid, add suliicient to 'make ink ;of propei* Working consist obey; 1 Reactions: Solutions of sodium hydrate:

red-brown, soluble. .Ammonia': blackish. 9O

Muriat'ic acid: light green. Hypochlorit'e and oxalic acid: gray, slowly bleaching.

Brilliant green:

Amlm T V Tanrnc acid 5 Acetic acid -r I soluble. Sodium hydrate: gray. Muri l /acid: brown. Bleaching powder, and oxalic acid: slowl bleached. T

vIt-is evi out that in the above mentioned exam les of printing inks there can bc, a 1 "c'onsi crable variation in the proportions of 1 the various ingredients. The quantity of diluting medium should be enough to give the ink'pro er working qualities.

'Any number of printings can be made on the same paper in ditl'erent colors and the whole fixed simultaneously by steam vapor.

Where'I speak of a soluble 'varnish above I do not necessarily confine myself to the mixture of "gum arabic, glycerin and water. I can also use, for instance, a mixture of starch, glycerin and water, -or similarly -iworking pastes or varnishes.

ilclaim: v

1-. A sensitive safety print on paper, con 130 sisting of a paper-substanceprinted with an ink composed, primarily, of a chemically sensitive, soluble StlbStfillCmlVlllCll is ca abl'e of formu ig alake insoluble in water, 1s-

. solveddn a vehicle containing a precipitant,

gunif diluent and a .volatile reagent which qnwill 'lpreventthcprecipitation of said in-,

'sol'u'b e lake, said print being rendered waterinsoluble by exposure tostcam vapor.

2. A sensitive safety print on paper, for 1 i diluent, with or without an tile, oil-like diluent,

checks, letters of credit, bank notes, postage stamps, revenue and trade stamps, bonds, stock certificates, railroad tickets,'and all manner of security papers, consisting of a paper substance overprinted with an ink composed, primarily, of a chemically sensitive, soluble substance, which is capable of forming a lake insoluble in water, dissolved in a vehicle containing a precipitant, diluent and a reagent which will prevent the precipitation of said insoluble lake, said overprint being rendered water-insoluble by exposure to steam vapor.

3. A sensitive safety print on paper, for checks, letters of credit, bank notes, postage, revenue and trade stamps, bonds, stock certificates, railroad tickets, and all manner of security papers, consisting of a paper substance printed with an ink composed, primarily, of a chemically sensitive, soluble substance which can be converted into a water-insoluble body, dissolved in a vehicle consisting of a precipitant and a diluent, said print. being rendered water-insoluble by exposure to steam vapori. A sensitive security print on paper,

consisting of a paper substance printed with an ink composed, primarily, of a chemically sensitive, soluble substance, which is capable of being converted into a water-insolu his body, dissolving it in a vehicle consist? ing ofa precipitant and a volatile oil-like inert base to qualities, printing the print to steam give proper working therewith and exposing vapor.

p A sensitive safety print on paper, comprising a paper substance printed with an ink consisting of a soluble, chemically sensitivedyestuli' capable of being converted into a Water-insoluble body, dissolved in a vola- With addition of a precipitant'for said dyestuff, said print being rendered water-insoluble by exposure to a sufficiently high temperature for driving oil the volatile part of the vehicle.

6. A sensitive safety print on paper for checks, letters of credit, bank notes, postage, revenue and trade stamps, bonds, stock certifieates, railroad tickets, and all manner of security papers, consisting of a paper substance printed with an ink composed, primarily, of a chemically sensitive, soluble substance which is capable of being converted into a water-insoluble body, dissolved ceases in a liquid diluting medium, with or Without other ingredients for securing proper printing and fixing qualities, said print be.- ing rendered water-insoluble by exposure to steam vapor.

7. A sensitive safety print on paper, consisting of a paper substance printed with an ink consisting of a chemically sensitive coloring matter, capable of being converted into a water-insoluble body, mixed with a vehicle consisting of a tile oil-like diluent, with or without other ingredients for securing proper printing qualities, said print being rendered waterinsoluble by exposure to steam vapor.

8. A sensitive safety print on paper for checks, letters of credit, bank notes, postage, revenue and trade stamps, bonds, stock oer tificates, railroad tickets, and all manner'of security papers, consisting of a paper sub stance printed with a sensitive ink, said ink, when transferred on the paper substance, being, primarily, water-soluble but rendered, secondarily, Water-insoluble by exposure to steam vapor.

9. A sensitive security paper, consisting of a paper substance printed with a sensitive ink, said ink, when transferred on the paper substance, being, primarily, water soluble, but rendered, secondarily, water-insoluble by exposure of the print to a sufficiently high temperature.

10. A sensitive safety print on paper, consisting of a paper substance overprinted with a' sensitive ink, said ink being, primarily, water-soluble but rendered, secondarily, water-insoluble by exposure to steam vapor. 11. A sensitive safety print on paper, comprising a paper substance printed with a water-soluble, chemically sensitive, ink, rendered water-insoluble by steam vapor.

12. A sensitive safety print on paper, consisting of a paper substance overprinted consecutively with inks, when thus transferred on the paper substance being, collectively, water-soluble but rendered simultaneously water-insoluble by exposure of the print to steam vapor.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HENRY XV. F. LORENZ. lVitnesses:

ELIZA INNEs, MARIE Lorenz.

precipitant and vola-.

diit'erently colored inks, said 

